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    • 专利摘要:
    PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING AMMONIUM. The present invention relates to a process and a plant (1) for treating ammonium-containing waste water (2) in an ammonium removal plant (1) having at least one activation tank (3). According to the invention, it is provided that activated sludge from the activation tank (3) is introduced at least intermittently into a hydrocyclone (5) and that, after separation of the activated sludge from the hydrocyclone (5) both, the dense fraction and the light fraction that contains predominantly bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB) are returned to the at least one activation tank (3) of the facility (1). During the separation of the activated mud in the hydrocyclone (5), the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox) having a higher density than the bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) are sedimented on a rough wall surface of the hydrocyclone (5) by forces centrifuges and hydrodynamics in the hydrocyclone (5) and abrasive forces are generated by a relative movement between the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium moving rapidly (anammox) and the inner wall surface taken roughly from the hydrocyclone (5), via whose abrasive forces one organic or inorganic plaque present on bacteria oxidizing ammonium (anammox) (...).
    公开号:BR102013026608B1
    申请号:R102013026608-6
    申请日:2013-10-15
    公开日:2020-10-13
    发明作者:6 § 4 Da Lpi 9279/96 Art
    申请人:Demon Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a process for treating wastewater in an ammonia removal facility having at least one aeration tank, in which first ammonium is reacted to form nitrite by means of aerobically oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and then ammonium and nitrite are reacted to form elementary nitrogen by means of anaerobically oxidizing ammonium bacteria (anammox), in particular by means of Planctomycetes, and where slurry from the aeration tank is fed to a hydrocyclone and there it is separated into a specifically heavy fraction that contains predominantly the anaerobically oxidizing bacteria ammonium (anammox), and in a specifically light fraction, where the specifically heavy fraction is returned to the aeration tank.
    [0002] In addition, the invention relates to an ammonium removal facility for ammonium-containing wastewater treatment having at least one aeration tank and having at least one hydrocyclone for separating sludge from the aeration tank in a fraction specifically heavy which contains predominantly bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonium (anammox) and a specifically light fraction, where the hydrocyclone has a feed that is connected in flow to the aeration tank for introducing sludge, a subflow connected by flow to the aeration tank for return of specifically heavy fraction separated to the aeration tank and an upper flow for removing specifically light fraction separated from the hydrocyclone.
    [0003] The activated sludge process is a process for biological purification of waste water in sewage treatment facilities. Here, the usually municipal sewage is substantially free of organic impurities, that is, purified through the metabolic activity of aerobic heterotrophic chemo-organo microorganisms, called activated sludge. The process begins after the separation or deposition of the coarse fractions, which can be separated from water, separated, digested and burned. For municipal wastewater, this process belongs to the classic intensive treatment processes. The capacity for generic use is advantageous when it is the good purification activity for wastewater to decrease suspended matter contents, the demand for chemical oxygen (COD), the demand for biochemical oxygen (BODs) and nitrogen compounds (N ).
    [0004] Installations according to the activated sludge process can be operated continuously, that is, in continuous flow mode (conventional activation installation), or discontinuously (SBR installation). In addition, there are also what are called membrane activation facilities in which the purified water is separated from the sludge by means of a membrane. All the variants have in common the fact that bacterial mass or biomass suspended in the water, which is also called activated sludge, undertakes the biological purification of the waste water. For this purpose, each installation has at least one aeration tank in which the waste water is mixed with the activated sludge and therefore placed in intensive contact with the activated sludge.
    [0005] The biomass formed in the aeration tank during the aerobic biological purification of waste water through degradation of the waste water components is called activated sludge. It consists substantially of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, EPS and components. Microscopic studies verify that activated sludge flakes are "activated" by bacteria and protozoa. Therefore, they are called activated mud. The activated sludge, in technological use in the activated sludge process, is generally present in the form of flakes of activated sludge, which, in addition to dead and living biomass, contains organic compounds and minerals adsorbed and closed.
    [0006] In the activated sludge process, after the breakdown of pollutants in the waste water, via activated sludge, this sludge is separated from the purified water in what is called secondary sedimentation. Most of the sludge that is separated is returned to the aeration tank as return sludge or recirculated sludge. As a result, it is ensured that the activated sludge concentration can be maintained in the aeration tank. The activated flakes present in the return mud renew the purification energy of the activation. The lowest, non-recirculated volumetric flow rate of the activated sludge is called excess sludge. Excess sludge is therefore the fraction of the activated sludge that is removed and pumped in the sludge treatment to maintain constancy of the desired concentration of biomass. This removed biomass growth is generally fed together with the primary sludge for digesting sludge and finally for removing sludge water.
    [0007] In conventional sewage treatment facilities, currently, virtually exclusively, biological nitrification / denitrification is used to eliminate nitrogen. Elimination of nitrogen is taken to mean the conversion of biologically available nitrogen compounds such as ammonium (NH4), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) to elemental nitrogen (N2) which is removed into ambient air as a harmless end product. In nitrification, ammonium is oxidized by oxygen via the intermediate nitrite to form nitrate. In the subsequent denitrification, nitrate is reduced in the first reduction step to nitrite and nitrogen and a second reduction step.
    [0008] Biological nitrification / denitrification has the disadvantage of high oxygen demand and high energy consumption. In addition, in denitrification, organic carbon is consumed, which still has a disadvantageous effect on the purification process and the sludge properties.
    [0009] Compared to nitrification / denitrification, in ammonium removal, only 40% of oxygen is required, and the energy consumption for nitrogen elimination is reduced by 60%. Ammonium withdrawal is an autotrophic process in which no organic carbon is required. Therefore, the remaining purification process is more stable.
    [00010] The removal of ammonium is an efficient process for the elimination of biological nitrogen, for example, also in the case of waste water having high concentrations of ammonium. In biological ammonium removal with a suspended biomass, two groups of bacteria participate, first the bacteria oxidizing ammonia aerobically (AOB), which react with ammonium to form nitrite, and, second, the bacteria producing elementary nitrogen and oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), in particular Plancomycetes, which perform this step using the previously produced nitrite.
    [00011] The bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) produce, based on the amount of material processed in a given period, ten times more bacterial mass than bacteria oxidizing ammonium anaerobically (anammox). The sludge residence time in a sludge system therefore has to be at least long enough so that bacteria slowly oxidizing anaerobically (anammox) growing ammonium can accumulate.
    [00012] Processes for removing single-stage and / or two-stage ammonium are already well known, for example, from WO 2007/033393 A1 or EP 0 327 184 B1.
    [00013] Disadvantageous in this case are, in particular, the substantially longer generation times of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), which are longer by a factor of 10 than those of bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB). As a result, a stable system can only develop when the residence time of the sludge and / or bacteria in the tank is long enough. This in turn causes large reaction volumes and correspondingly designed tanks.
    [00014] In addition, a sufficiently high dumping water temperature (> 25 ° C) is a foundation for the existence and / or growth of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox). However, heating waste water is very expensive energetically, for which reason the described processes are not economically usable or feasible in the case of waste water having low temperatures.
    [00015] In addition, the presence of such bacterial groups (NOB) that convert the nitrite formed into nitrate under aerobic conditions proves to be disadvantageous. This group of bacteria has shorter generation times by a factor of 10 compared with bacteria oxidizing ammonium anaerobically (anammox). To compensate for these different generation times, it has already been contemplated to operate the aerated phase of a sludge system at a very low oxygen level (<0.4 mg O2 / L). As a result, little or no oxygen is available to bacteria forming nitrate (NOB) for conversion of nitrite, which in turn is highly advantageous for bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox). The reduced oxygen supply during the aerated phase, however, has the disadvantage that the aerobic conversion from ammonium to nitrite is also limited by oxygen and as a result proceeds very slowly.
    [00016] Planctomycetes growing slowly, which have a longer generation time by a factor of 10 compared to bacteria forming nitrite (AOB), have the particular property that many individual bacteria form a spherical aggregate, called Planctomycetes granules. These Planctomycetes granules have a very high density (1010 bacteria / mL).
    [00017] The waste water that is to be treated contains, in addition to the ammonium that is to be degraded, organic substances, such as organic acids and even organic substances that are described by the total parameter "dissolved COD" and can even be some hundreds of mg / L (typically: 100-2000 mg / L). These organic substances are degraded by rapidly growing heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria often colonize Planctomycetes granules and cover them with an organic covering layer or plate. The cover layer leads to a diffusion limitation and as a result makes it more difficult to convert ammonium (NHU) and nitrite (NO2) to elemental nitrogen (N2), since the substrate (NH4 and NO2) first has to pass through this cover layer before it is available to Planctomycetes for conversion.
    [00018] Dump water that is to be treated, often dump digestion sludge water (anaerobic dump sludge stabilization) or generally dump water having high concentrations of nitrogen, in addition to ammonium (NH4) and substances degradable organic substances, also contain inorganic substances, such as, for example, calcium carbonate and / or struvite, which can likewise be deposited on the surface of the Planctomycetes granules. Also, suspended matter present in the discharge water, which can be up to a few hundred mg / L (typically 50-1000 mg / L) forms or increases the covering layer of the Plantomycetes granules.
    [00019] The coverage of the Planctomycetes granules, due to the diffusion limitation, leads to a greater decrease in performance of the ammonium removal plant. Comparative measurements between granules of uncoated, free Planctomycetes, and granules having a covering layer showed a difference in the specific nitrogen conversion rate (mg N / g DM) by factor 4-6.
    [00020] The deposits or the plaque on the Planctomycetes granules can be seen even with the naked eye. Free, uncoated granules are intensely red / rust red, and plate-coated granules, depending on the degree of coating, are light red / brown to dark brown.
    [00021] EP 2 163 524 B1 already shows an ammonium removal process and installation of the type mentioned at the beginning. In the process shown, the excess sludge removed to maintain constancy of the biomass concentration in the facility is not disposed and fed for sludge digestion, but is fed to a hydrocyclone and separated therein into a specifically heavy fraction (lower flow) and a specifically light fraction (upper flow). In this case the differences in density of the two bacterial groups (anammox / AOB) present in the excess mud are used in order to separate the excess mud in a dense phase that predominantly contains the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), and a light phase (AOB). By returning the bacterial group (anammox) present in the dense phase to the installation's aeration tank, the slow-growing bacterial group (anammox) is enriched in the aeration tank.
    [00022] The two fractions of mud that are to be separated, namely, the specifically light fraction and the specifically heavy fraction, differ markedly not only in density but also in biological characteristics. These are completely different groups of bacteria. Planctomycetes granules consisting of a plurality of individual bacteria have, compared to bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB) present in the form of flakes, a markedly higher density. Due to the differences in density present between the two groups of bacteria, the excess sludge removed can separate into a dense phase containing Planctomycetes granules, and a light phase containing the flake-like sludge fraction. Planctomycetes granules, due to differences in densities, are considerably heavier than flakes.
    [00023] The object of the invention is to provide an improved process for treating ammonium-containing waste water. In addition, the object of the invention is to provide an improved ammonium removal facility for treating ammonium-containing waste water.
    [00024] The previous object is obtained through a process according to the characteristics of the invention. Further elaboration of the invention can be found in embodiments.
    [00025] According to the invention, therefore, a process for treating ammonium-containing waste water is provided, in which sludge activated from the aeration tank is introduced at least intermittently into the hydrocyclone and in which after sludge separation activated in the hydrocyclone both, the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction, which predominantly contains the bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) are returned to the at least one aeration tank of the facility, where during the separation of the activated sludge in the hydrocyclone, the bacteria oxidizing ammonium anaerobically (anammox) having a higher density than bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) are sedimented on a rough inner wall surface of the hydrocyclone through centrifugal and hydrodynamic forces on the hydrocyclone and abrasive forces are generated by a relative movement between bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonium (anammox) and the internal wall surface stationary rough ity of the hydrocyclone, via which abrasive forces an organic or inorganic layer present on the bacteria oxidizing ammonium (anammox), in particular Planctomycetes granules, is at least partially removed.
    [00026] An improved process is therefore provided for the treatment of waste water containing ammonium, since a reaction of ammonium and nitrite to form elementary nitrogen via bacteria oxidizing ammonium anaerobically (anammox) is facilitated in which the organic layer or inorganic material representing a diffusion limitation on bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox) present on Planctomycetes granules is removed. Here, the plate is removed or washed from the granules so smoothly that the granules themselves are not destroyed by abrasive forces. Obtaining granular structure is of fundamental importance for the desired nitrogen conversion rate of the installation. Through not only the specifically heavy fraction but also the specifically light fraction, after separation in the hydrocyclone, being returned to the same aeration tank from which the activated sludge that was introduced into the hydrocyclone was also removed, the ratio of the bacte species - rianas required for ammonium removal, namely, bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), in particular Planctomycetes granules, and bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB), in particular Nitrosomonas, is maintained in the facility or in the biological system. At the same time, by removing plaque, the nitrogen conversion rate is increased. Since the bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically present in flake form are predominantly present in the specifically light fraction of the activated sludge, it is indispensable for an efficient removal of ammonium and a good nitrogen conversion rate that, in addition to the Planctomycetes granules, also a specifically light fraction is returned to the aeration tank.
    [00027] In the hydrocyclone, therefore, the Planctomycetes granules present as an aggregate of a plurality of individual bacteria are deposited on the rough surface of the hydrocyclone's inner wall due to their higher density compared to the aerobically oxidizing bacteria present in the form of flake. This rough made inner wall surface has a greater roughness compared to an adjacent inner wall surface or an inner wall surface of a conventional hydrocyclone. In this case the inner wall surface can itself be roughened or have a surface coating that is rough or develops a greater roughness. Due to contact with the roughened inner wall surface, abrasive forces are introduced into the granules which are developed in such a way that the organic or inorganic layer on the granules is gently removed without destroying aggregate of individual bacteria or the individual bacteria themselves. After removing the plate, the granules are returned to the aeration tank via the lower flow of the hydrocyclone.
    [00028] The bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) present in the form of flakes and predominantly in the specifically light fraction are discharged from the upper flow of the hydrocyclone via an internal vortex directed upwardly and internal developing in the hydrocyclone due to its considerably lower density compared to granules. As a result, these bacteria (AOB) do not come into intense contact with the roughened inner wall surface in the cone, and thus these bacterial flakes are not exposed to abrasive forces and can be removed substantially undamaged from the hydrocyclone. and returned to the aeration tank. This means that in any case, poorer deposition properties of flake-like bacteria can at least be retained. A destruction of the flake structure, in contrast, can impair the deposition properties in such a way that the aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB) bacteria necessary for ammonium removal can be discharged along with the sludge water from the biological system or from the aeration tank.
    [00029] The specific nitrogen conversion rate (mg N / g DM) is increased by factor 4-6 through the process according to the invention and the removal of inorganic or organic plaque acting as a diffusion limitation of Planctomycetes granules.
    [00030] In practice, moreover, it has proved to be particularly advantageous that the mud activated in the hydrocyclone is exposed to centrifugal forces of 30 to 180 times the acceleration due to gravity. In the case of centrifugal forces of this order of magnitude and high speeds of the activated mud resulting from them, in particular from the specifically heavy fraction, the plaque on the Planctomycetes granules is virtually completely removed. At low values, none or only very little ablation of the plaque proceeds, and at relatively large values, the granules consisting of a plurality of individual bacteria, or the individual bacteria themselves, are destroyed.
    [00031] In addition, it is found to be advantageous that the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction of the activated sludge that are separated in the hydrocyclone are each completely returned to the aeration tank. The return ensures that the activated sludge introduced from the aeration tank in the hydrocyclone is completely returned to the same aeration tank and therefore a balanced ratio between the bacterial species participating in the removal of ammonium (Anammox, AOB) is available in the tank. aeration of the installation.
    [00032] An advantageous development of the present process is also obtained in which during the separation of the activated sludge in the hydrocyclone, the specifically heavy fraction containing predominantly bacteria oxidizing ammonium anaerobically contacts the roughened inner wall surface arranged in a conical segment of the hydrocyclone and then it is removed there via a lower flow of the hydrocyclone and the specifically light fraction predominantly containing the bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB) contacts a smooth inner wall surface in a cylindrical segment of the hydrocyclone and is then removed there via an upper flow of the hydrocyclone. This means that the abrasive forces act only on the granules of Planctomycetes and therefore remove the organic or inorganic layer, while the bacteria oxidizing ammonia aerobically (AOB) come exclusively in contact with the smooth inner wall surface of the cylindrical segment. As a result, a destruction of the bacteria oxidizing ammonia aerobically present in the form of flakes can be prevented. The selected roughness of the inner wall surface depends on the diameter of the cylindrical segment of the hydrocyclone. The larger the diameter of the cylindrical segment, the greater the roughness selected. In experiments, it was verified that the surface must have a particle size of up to 100 micrometers.
    [00033] A particularly advantageous development of the process according to the invention is also provided that after a first predetermined period of time in which activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone and is separated into a specifically heavy fraction and a specifically light fraction and both, the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction are returned to the aeration tank, excess sludge removed during a second predetermined period of time from the aeration tank is fed to the hydrocyclone instead of activated sludge, where the excess sludge is separated into the hydrocyclone into a specifically heavy fraction and a specifically light fraction, and only the specifically heavy fraction is returned to the aeration tank or is collected and fed to an aeration tank from a second installation, while the light phase is willing.
    [00034] During the first period of time, the Planctomycetes granules present in the specifically weighed fraction are washed and / or the organic or inorganic layer present on the granules is at least partially removed. In contrast, during the second period of time, via the disposition of the specifically light fraction and the return of the specifically heavy fraction to the installation's aeration tank, the slow-growing group of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox) is enriched in the biological system -gical and / or in the aeration tank. The fraction of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox) can be increased during the second period of time in such a way that the reaction volume in the tank is correspondingly decreased and the process stability of the installation is increased.
    [00035] In this case, it has proved to be particularly relevant in practice that a length of the first period of time is greater than a length of the second period of time. In practice, it has been proven to be advantageous that the length of the first period of time is roughly 1.5 to 4 times the length of the second period of time. Particularly preferably, activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone 70% of the total run time of the hydrocyclone and excess mud is introduced 30% of the total run time. Here, the length of the respective period of time is adapted depending on the number, the respective size of the hydrocyclones, and the size of the aeration tank, as well as the nitrogen conversion rate of the installation that is to be obtained.
    [00036] According to the invention, it is further provided that alternatively and consecutively, during a first period of time, activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone, and during a second period, excess sludge is introduced. This means that, following the introduction of excess sludge during the second period of time, again a first period of time follows where then activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone.
    [00037] The second object mentioned is obtained from an ammonium removal plant according to the characteristics of the invention. Still the configuration of the invention can be found in embodiments.
    [00038] According to the invention, therefore, an ammonium removal facility is provided for treatment of ammonium-containing waste water, where the slurry that is introduced into the hydrocyclone is formed as activated sludge and the upper flow of the hydrocyclone for return specifically separated light fraction containing predominantly bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) to the aeration tank is connected - flow to the aeration tank, and where at least one hydrocyclone has a cylindrical segment and a tapered segment, where a wall surface The inner portion of the tapered segment is roughened at least in sections and the roughened inner wall surface of the tapered segment has a greater roughness than an inner wall surface of the cylindrical segment.
    [00039] Such a configuration of the hydrocyclone and the connection - flow of the hydrocyclone to the aeration tank provides an improved ammonium removal facility for ammonium-containing wastewater treatment. By means of the installation according to the invention, the organic or inorganic plates located on the granules of Planctomycetes can be smoothly and, in the process, particularly effectively, removed. The removal of the plates acting as a diffusion limitation substantially facilitates the reaction of ammonium and nitrite to form elementary nitrogen via Planctomycetes.
    [00040] The conical segments of the hydrocyclone having a greater roughness than the cylindrical segment ensures that the abrasive forces required for removing plaque are introduced only in the specifically heavy fraction. Since the specifically light fraction, due to its lower density, is discharged through the upper flow through the upwardly directed internal vortex forming in the hydrocyclone, the specifically light fraction does not come into direct contact with the roughened inner wall surface in the conical segment of the hydrocyclone . Therefore, no abrasive forces are introduced into the specifically light fraction, so that the bacteria (AOB) present in the form of a flake in the specifically light fraction are not destroyed. This is highly advantageous, in particular due to the significantly poorer deposition properties of this sludge fraction. Destruction can still lead to impaired deposition properties, as a result of which these bacteria can be discharged from the biological system or the aeration tank, and can no longer be available for ammonium removal.
    [00041] It has proved to be particularly relevant in practice that the inner wall surface of the conical segment of the hydrocyclone has at least roughness in sections having a particle size of up to 100 micrometers. In the case of greater granulometry, the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium present in the aggregate, namely, the Planctomycetes granules, can be destroyed. The roughness that is to be selected in the individual case here depends in particular on the selected diameter of the hydrocyclone. The larger the diameter of the cylindrical segment of the hydrocyclone, the greater the roughness selected.
    [00042] One embodiment of the invention provides that the inner wall surface of the tapered segment has a surface coating having the greatest roughness. Here, the surface coating and inner wall surface of the tapered segment can be formed in one piece, or the surface coating can be firmly bonded, for example, by glue, to the inner wall surface of the tapered segment.
    [00043] It has proved to be particularly advantageous here that the hydrocyclone consists at least in part of a dimensionally stable plastic and / or the surface coating consists of aluminum oxide. This hydrocyclone modality ensures simple and reproducible hydrocyclone production. Here, the hydrocyclone can be produced through injection molding, where aluminum oxide forming the surface coating is applied to the mold on or over the core before introducing the plastic. During the cooling operation, the aluminum oxide then bonds with the hydrocyclone's inner wall surface to form a one-piece component. Due to the inclusion of aluminum oxide on the surface of the hydrocyclone, it results in a secure fixation - process of aluminum oxide to the inner wall surface. Depending on the desired granulometry of the surface coating, both the quantity and / or the grain size of the aluminum oxide can be adapted.
    [00044] A particularly simple possibility is also obtained in which the surface coating is constructed as a film or as a fabric. This can then be fixed by firmly bonding to the relevant surfaces of the hydrocyclone.
    [00045] According to the invention it is still provided that the greatest roughness of the inner wall surface of the tapered segment can be generated through a mechanical and / or chemical processing technique. In this case, the roughness can therefore be introduced directly on or into the inner wall surface of the hydrocyclone.
    [00046] An advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides that the inner wall surface of the cylindrical segment is constructed to be smooth. In this case, the destruction of the bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically in contact with the inner wall surface of the cylindrical segment is avoided.
    [00047] The invention allows several realizations. For clarity of its basic principle, one of these is shown in the drawing and is described below. In the figure, Fig. 1 shows an installation for the treatment of waste water containing ammonium in a simplified schematic representation; Fig. 2 shows the flow conditions in a hydrocyclone shown in Figure 1, in a perspective view; Fig. 3 shows the hydrocyclone shown in Figure 1 in a side view.
    [00048] Figure 1 shows an ammonium removal facility 1 for ammonium-containing wastewater treatment. Facility 1 can be constructed as an SBR (Sequential Batch Reactor) facility, as a conventional activation facility with clarification. secondary, or as it is called a membrane installation having a biomass retention membrane. Installation 1 has at least one aeration tank 3, in which the waste water 2 is mixed with, and placed in intense contact with, suspended biomass or activated sludge.
    [00049] Through a pump 4, activated sludge consisting of a mixture of sludge - water is fed from the aeration tank 3 to a hydrocyclone 5 (directional arrow 6). Hydrocyclone 5 has a cylindrical segment 7 and a tapered segment 8. The cylindrical segment 7 has a diameter between 50 mm and 250 mm. Hydrocyclone 5 is loaded via pump 4 with a release pressure which, depending on the diameter of cylindrical segment 7 of hydrocyclone 5, is between 0.11 MPa and 0.21 MPa (1.1 bar and 2.1 bar). Via a feed opening 9 outwardly in the cylindrical segment 7, the activated sludge is introduced into hydrocyclone 5 and there it is separated into a specifically heavy fraction which contains predominantly bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonium (anammox), in particular Planctomycetes granules, and in a specifically light fraction, which contains predominantly bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB), in particular Nitrosomonas. The specifically heavy fraction is removed from the hydrocyclone 5 through a conical segment 8 via a lower flow 10 and returned to the aeration tank 3 (directional arrow 11). The specifically light fraction is likewise returned to the aeration tank 3 via an upper flow 12 of hydrocyclone 5 (directional arrow 13). Therefore, all the activated sludge introduced into hydrocycle 5 from the aeration tank 3 is also returned to the same aeration tank 3, although divided into a specifically heavy fraction and a specifically light fraction. Here, the specifically heavy fraction comprises approximately 80%, and the specifically light fraction approximately 20%, of the activated sludge introduced into feed 9 of hydrocyclone 5.
    [00050] Figure 2 illustrates the flow conditions in hydrocyclone 5 shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 shows hydrocyclone 5 in a side view. The activated sludge from the aeration tank 3 is introduced via feed 9 tangentially into the cylindrical segment 7 of the hi-drocyclone 5. The activated sludge is therefore forced in a circular path and flows downwardly into an external vortex directed downwardly 14. Via tapering in the conical segment 8 of the hydrocyclone 5, the volumes are displaced inward and there is a dam in the lower region of the conical segment 8, which leads to the formation of an internal vortex, directed upwards, interior 15 that escapes from the hydrocyclone 5 upper flow fraction 12. The specifically weighed fraction is on the inner wall surface 16 of hydrocyclone 5 and removed from hydrocyclone 5 via lower flow 10, while the lighter fraction is removed from hydrocyclone 5 via the upper flow 12. A activated sludge, in the hydrocyclone 5 shown, is exposed to centrifugal forces of 30 to 180 times the acceleration due to gravity g-
    [00051] The inner wall surface 16 of the tapered segment 8 facing the interior 17 of the hydrocyclone 5 has a rough surface coating 18 that has a greater roughness than an inner wall surface 19 of the cylindrical segment 7 in the same way facing to the interior 17 of the hydrocyclone 5. The surface coating 18 has a particle size of up to 100 micrometers and is formed, for example, by aluminum oxide which is bonded in one piece to the plastic material of the hydrocyclone 5. The selected roughness of the surface coating 18 depends on the diameter of the selected hydrocyclone 5. The larger the diameter of the cylindrical segment 7, the greater the roughness of the surface coating 18.
    [00052] When ammonium is removed from the waste water containing ammonium 2 in the aeration tank 3 of installation 1, first, by means of bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB), ammonium is reacted to form nitrite. Then, by means of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), in particular by means of Planctomycetes, ammonium and nitrite are reacted to form elementary nitrogen. Planctomycetes in this case are present as granules composed of a plurality of individual bacteria that have a substantially higher density compared to bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB) present in the form of flakes. The activated sludge located in the aeration tank 3 is therefore introduced tangentially into hydrocyclone 5 via feed 9. In hydrocyclone 5, due to the predominant flow and centrifugal forces, the activated sludge is separated into a specifically heavy fraction containing bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonium (Planctomycetes granules) having a higher density, and a specifically light fraction that contains predominantly bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonia (flake type). It saw the contact and relative movement between the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonia moving quickly (anammox) in the specifically heavy fraction with a roughened stationary inner wall surface 16 of hydrocyclone 5, an organic and / or inorganic layer arranged over the Planctomycetes granules it is at least partially removed, before the specifically weighed fraction is then removed from hydrocyclone 5 via a lower flow 10. The specifically light fraction, in contrast, is removed from hydrocyclone 5 (directional arrow 20 shown in dashed in Figure 3) without significant contact with the inner wall surface roughened 16 in the tapered segment 8 by means of the formed internal vortex 15. Both, the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction of the activated sludge, after separation in hydrocyclone 5, are completely returned to the aeration tank 3.
    [00053] The abrasive forces and / or the abrasive effect can be optimally adjusted through a combination of the size of the hydrocyclone 5, in particular the diameter of the cylindrical section 7, and the roughness of the inner wall surface 16 in the tapered segment 8, and the run time of hydrocyclone 5 in combination with the size of the biological system and / or the volume of the aeration tank 3.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Process for treating ammonium-containing waste water (2) in an ammonium removal plant (1) featuring at least one aeration tank (3), in which ammonium is first reacted to form nitrite by means of bacteria aerobically oxidizing (AOB) and then ammonium and nitrite are reacted to form elementary nitrogen by means of bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), in particular, by means of Planctomycetes, and in which sludge is fed from the aeration tank (3) to a hydrocyclone (5) and this is separated into a specifically heavy fraction that contains predominantly bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonium (anammox), and into a specifically light fraction, with the specifically heavy fraction being returned to the aeration tank (3), characterized by the fact that sludge activated from the aeration tank (3) is introduced at least intermittently into the hydrocyclone (5) and that, after separation of the sludge activated in the hydro cyclone (5), both the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction, which contains predominantly bacteria aerobically oxidizing ammonium (AOB), are returned to the at least one aeration tank (3) of the installation (1), with during the separation of the activated sludge in the hydrocyclone (5), the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox) showing a higher density than the aerobically oxidizing ammonium bacteria (AOB) are sedimented on a roughened inner wall surface (16) of the hydrocyclone (5) through centrifugal and hydrodynamic forces on the hydrocyclone (5) and abrasive forces are generated by a relative movement between the bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium moving rapidly (anammox) and the roughened stationary inner wall surface (16) of the hydrocyclone (5), forces through which an organic or inorganic layer is present on bacteria oxidizing ammonium (anammox), in particular, granules of Planctomycetes, is at least partially removed.
    [0002]
    2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the specifically heavy fraction and the specifically light fraction of the activated sludge that are separated in the hydrocyclone (5) are each completely returned to the same aeration tank (3 ).
    [0003]
    Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that during the separation of the activated sludge in the hydrocyclone (5), the specifically heavy fraction containing predominantly bacteria anaerobically oxidizing ammonia contacts the roughened inner wall surface (16) arranged in a conical segment (8) of the hydrocyclone (5) and then removed from it via a lower flow (10) of the hydrocyclone (5) and the specifically light fraction containing predominantly the bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB) contacts a smooth inner wall surface (19) in a cylindrical segment (7) of the hydrocyclone (5) and is then removed from it via an upper flow (12) of the hydrocyclone (5).
    [0004]
    Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, after a first predetermined period of time, in which activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone (5) and is separated into a specifically heavy fraction and a specifically light fraction and both the heavy fraction and the light fraction are returned to the aeration tank (3), excess sludge removed during a second predetermined period of time from the aeration tank (3) is fed to the hydrocyclone (5) instead activated sludge, the excess sludge being separated in the hydrocyclone (5) into a specifically heavy fraction and a specifically light fraction, and exclusively the specifically heavy fraction is returned to the aeration tank (3) or is collected and fed a second installation aeration tank, while the specifically light phase is discarded.
    [0005]
    Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that a length of the first period of time is greater than a length of the second period of time.
    [0006]
    Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the first period of time is approximately 1.5 to 4 times the length of the second period of time.
    [0007]
    7. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, alternatively and consecutively, during the first period of time, activated sludge is introduced into the hydrocyclone (5), and during a second period, excess sludge is introduced.
    [0008]
    8. Ammonium removal facility (1) for ammonium-containing waste water treatment (2) with at least one aeration tank (3) and at least one hydrocyclone (5) for separating sludge from the aeration tank (3) in a specifically heavy fraction, which contains predominantly bacteria oxidizing anaerobically ammonium (anammox), and a specifically light fraction, with the hydrocyclone (5) having a feed (9) that is connected by flow to the aeration tank (3 ) for sludge introduction, a lower flow (10) connected by flow to the aeration tank (3) for the return of a specifically heavy fraction separated to the aeration tank (3) and an upper flow (12) for removal of specifically light fraction separated from the hydrocyclone (5), characterized by the fact that the sludge that is introduced into the hydrocyclone (5) is formed as activated sludge and the upper flow (12) of the hydrocyclone (5) for the return of the separated specifically light fraction, which contains predo minimally bacteria oxidizing ammonium aerobically (AOB), to the aeration tank (3) it is connected by flow to the aeration tank (3), and the at least one hydrocyclone (5) has a cylindrical segment (7) and a segment tapered (8), an inner wall surface (16) of the tapered segment (8) is roughened at least in sections and the inner wall surface roughened (16) of the tapered segment (8) has a roughness greater than an inner wall surface (19) of the cylindrical segment (7).
    [0009]
    9. Installation (1) according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the roughened inner wall surface (16) of the conical segment (8) of the hydrocyclone (5) has a roughness with a particle size of up to 100 micrometers by less in sections.
    [0010]
    Installation (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the inner wall surface (16) of the tapered segment (8) has a surface coating (18) presenting a greater roughness.
    [0011]
    Installation (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the surface coating (18) and the inner wall surface (16) of the conical segment (8) are formed in one piece or the surface coating (18) being firmly attached to the inner wall surface (16) of the tapered segment (8).
    [0012]
    Installation (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the hydrocyclone (5) consists at least in part of a dimensionally stable surface and / or plastic coating (18) of aluminum oxide .
    [0013]
    Installation (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the surface coating (18) is constructed as a film or as a fabric.
    [0014]
    Installation (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized by the fact that the greatest roughness of the inner wall surface (16) of the conical segment (8) can be generated through a mechanical processing technique and / or chemical.
    [0015]
    Installation (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the inner wall surface (19) of the cylindrical segment (7) is constructed smooth.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2013231205B2|2015-03-12|
    US9815722B2|2017-11-14|
    EP2792646B1|2015-05-27|
    CN104108788B|2016-03-23|
    HK1201811A1|2015-09-11|
    AU2013231205A1|2014-10-30|
    MX2013014137A|2014-10-15|
    PL2792646T3|2015-11-30|
    PH12013000301B1|2015-04-06|
    US20140305867A1|2014-10-16|
    BR102013026608A2|2018-06-12|
    NZ615933A|2015-01-30|
    JP5853009B2|2016-02-09|
    KR20140124319A|2014-10-24|
    PH12013000301A1|2015-04-06|
    RU2558250C2|2015-07-27|
    JP2014210253A|2014-11-13|
    KR101642173B1|2016-07-29|
    CN104108788A|2014-10-22|
    CA2828701A1|2014-10-16|
    IL228872A|2018-03-29|
    SG2013072285A|2014-11-27|
    EP2792646A1|2014-10-22|
    CA2828701C|2016-08-23|
    RU2013153818A|2015-06-10|
    ZA201307206B|2014-05-28|
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    法律状态:
    2017-11-28| B15G| Others concerning applications: unknown petition|
    2018-06-12| B03A| Publication of an application: publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention|
    2018-07-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2018-07-17| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: DEMON GMBH (CH) |
    2019-08-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-10-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/10/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP13401040.4A|EP2792646B1|2013-04-16|2013-04-16|Method and system for treating waste water containing ammonium|
    EP13401040.4|2013-04-16|
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